Symptoms of bone fractures
A fracture may not always be obvious but it is often accompanied by some of these common symptoms:
- Pain
- Swelling
- Bruising or discolouration around the affected area
- Unusual angle of the bone around the affected area (angulation)
- Inability to move the affected area
- Grating sensation in the affected bone or joint
- Bleeding (if it is an open fracture)
Fractures involving large bones such as the pelvis or femur may also cause a person to look pale, feel clammy, dizzy, faint or nauseous.
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Common types of bone fractures
There are many different types of bone fractures. Some common ones include:
- Comminuted fracture, in which the bone is shattered into many pieces.
- Compression (crush) fracture, which generally occurs in the spongy bone in the spine.
- Greenstick fracture refers to a partial fracture on one side, without completely breaking. It is more common among children, whose bones are softer and more elastic.
- Hairline fracture is a partial fracture which can be hard to detect on X-rays.
- Impacted fracture means that one fragment of bone has gone into another.
- Longitudinal fracture refers to a break along the length of the bone.
- Oblique fracture refers to a fracture that is diagonal to a bone’s long axis.
- Pathological fracture is caused by an underlying disease or condition that has already weakened the bone.
- Stress fracture is more common among athletes, caused by repeated stresses and strains to the muscles and bones.
- Torus (buckle) fracture is when the bone gets deformed but does not crack. It is more common in children.
- Transverse fracture refers to a straight break right across a bone.