Risk factors that cause melasma

Can exacerbate melasma include environmental factors, hormones, and genetics. The main factors include:

1. Sunlight is a major factor in causing melasma and stimulating it to become more common in both men and women. Sunlight, especially UV rays, directly stimulates melanin-producing cells to produce more melanin. In addition to UV rays, sunlight also contains infrared radiation, which creates heat, and light in the visible spectrum that can stimulate melanin production as well. As a result, it has been found that areas where melasma is common are areas that are exposed to a lot of sunlight.
2. Hormones , both estrogen and progesterone, are related to the development of melasma. This can be seen from the fact that some pregnant women develop new melasma, or in those who already have melasma, the melasma may become darker, especially on the face. Melasma usually improves within 1 year after childbirth. In addition, in women who take birth control pills or who receive hormone replacement therapy for various illnesses, there is also a stimulation for melasma to become more severe.
3. Genetic factors It was found เล่น UFABET ผ่านมือถือ สะดวกทุกที่ ทุกเวลา that about 48 percent of people with melasma often have a family history of melasma as well. Especially direct relatives such as father, mother, brother or sister. In addition, there have been studies that have found a relationship between melasma and abnormalities in certain genes.

Treating melasma is quite difficult and time-consuming. Currently, there is no method. That can completely cure melasma, but it can treat to make it lighter or darker, such as:

1. Avoiding sunlight only between 10 am and 4 pm and using appropriate sunscreen are important factors in preventing and treating melasma.
2. Topical medications are the mainstay of treatment for melasma. There are many types, including:
   • Hydroquinone is a drug that is commonly use to treat melasma. The drug’s mechanism of action is to reduce melanin production by inhibiting the enzyme used in pigment production (tyrosinase) and can also destroy pigment-producing cells directly. However, it must be under the care of a doctor.
   • Vitamin A acid causes skin division to be faster, with more shedding and peeling of the upper skin layer. It also helps to inhibit the transfer of pigment from pigment-producing cells to skin cells, inhibits the creation of pigment, and reduces skin inflammation. Side effects of this drug that may occur are skin irritation, dryness, peeling, burning, and redness.
   • Other topical medications such as soybean extract, kojic acid, glycolic acid, salicylic acid, licorice, vitamin E, arbutin, mulberry extract, niacinamide, etc. This group of medications has a mild effect in treating melasma, but the advantage is that it has relatively few side effects. It may be effective in cases. Where it is used in conjunction with other types of melasma treatment medications or in people. Who do not have much melasma.
3. Laser treatment use alternative treatment in conjunction with topical medication to treat melasma. Which may help fade melasma faster. Lasers are usually chosen to be non-invasive, such as Picosecond laser, Q-switched Nd:YAG laser, Q-switched ruby ​​laser, etc.